Donc après le lancement du script Perl qui installe automatiquement les bons drivers, on arrive à une étape où il s’agit de spécifier l’emplacement des sources du kernel (ou noyau) qui correspond à la version installée. Le script demande explicitement le package kernel-header, mais mon expérience m’a fait comprendre qu’il ne s’agit pas de ça mais d’un autre package. je vous laisse suivre l’enregistrement commenté du déroulement de cette installation, et vous laisserai déposer vos commentaires auxquels je prendrai plaisir de répondre.

voilà! si vous avez des questions n’hésitez pas à les pauser dans les commentaires.

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DNSSEC provides:

1. Origin authentication of DNS data,
2. Data integrity
3. Authenticated denial of existence.

These functions are based on asymmetric cryptography system

In other words, if an attacker attempts to create a DNS response that has been altered from the original authentic response in some fashion, and the attacker then attempts to pass the response off as an authentic response, then a DNSSEC-aware DNS client should be able to detect the fact that the response has been altered and that the response does not correspond to the authoritative DNS information for that zone. In other words, DNSSEC is intended to protect DNS clients from forged DNS data. This protection does not eliminate the potential to inject false data into a DNS resolution transaction, but it adds additional information to DNS responses to allow a client to check that the response is authentic and complete.

As I said before, dnssec is based on cryptography, especially Public key cryptography which relies on a public and private key pair

Two types of keys are identified for use in zone signing operations. The first type is called

A Zone Signing Key (ZSK) and the second type are called a Key Signing Key (KSK). The ZSK Is used to sign the RRsets within the zone, and this includes signing the ZSK itself, the KSK is used to sign root of the Zone, which includes the ZSK and the KSK and may also be used outside the zone either as the trusted anchor in a security-aware server or as part of the chain of trust by a parent Name Server.

DNSsec mechanisms require also changes to the DNS protocol. DNSSEC adds four new resource record types: Resource Record Signature (RRSIG), DNS Public Key (DNSKEY), Delegation Signer (DS), and Next Secure (NSEC). These new RRs are described in detail in RFC 4034

What are the uses of each resource record?

DNSSEC uses public key cryptography to sign and authenticate DNS Resource record sets (RRsets).

The public keys are stored in DNSKEY Resource records, Digital signatures are stored in RRSIG resource records while, The NSEC resource record lists two separate things: the next owner name (in the canonical ordering of the zone) that contains Authoritative data or a delegation point NS RRset, and the set of RRTypes present at the NSEC RR’s owner name but for A DS RR it refers to a DNSKEY RR by Storing the key tag, algorithm number, and a digest of the DNSKEY RR, The DS RR appears only On the upper (parental) side of a delegation

Deploying Dnssec

1. Enable dnssec in authorative and recursive servers : Means that your dns will support dnssec functionality, so you have to add the following line in named.conf file (named configuration file):

Options {Dnssec-enable yes; };

2. Generate zsk and ksk for each zone :
   i/ Create zsk key:

   Dnssec-keygen -a rsasha1 -b 1024 -n zone ecole.com

   This command will generate 2 files with the following extensions:

   .key is public portion of the key

   .private is private portion of the key

   ii/ Create the ksk key:

   dnssec-keygen -a rsasha1 -b 1400 -f KSK -n zone ecole.com

3. Include keys in the zone file : we have to add the public portions to the zone file either but just including using this syntax :

$INCLUDE keys/Kecole.com.+005+12513.key; KSK

$INCLUDE keys/Kecole.com.+005+03977.key; ZSK

Or using command line mode :

Cat keys/Kecole.com.+005+12513.key >> ecole.db

cat keys/Kecole.com.+005+03977.key >> ecole.db

4. Sign the zone using the following command:

Dnssec-signzone -o ecole.com -t -k Kecole.com. +005+12513 ecole.db Kecole.com.+005+03977

5. Update named.conf file :

Replace :

zone “ecole.com ” {

file “ecole .db “;

};

With:

zone “ecole.com ” {

file “ecole.db.signed “;

};

6. Creating a secure delegation :

The process for signing a sub domain is essentially similar to that defined for signing a zone with one single difference; A Delegated Signer RR can be added to the ecole.com zone file to create secure delegation.

In fact we have to follow the same steps described before but while singing the zone we have to use the command:

dnssec-signzone -o etudiant.ecole.com -t -g -k Ketudiant.ecole.com.+005+64536

etudiant.db Ketudiant.ecole.com.+005+48560

The -g argument is used to generate two special files called dsset-etudiant.ecole.com. (Containing the DS RR for the parent) and keyset-etudiant.ecole.com. (Containing a copy of the public Key DNSKEY RR of the KSK).

When the parent administrator receives the dsset-etudiant.ecole.com. and, optionally, the keyset-etudiant.ecole.com. files, they are placed in the same directory where the ecole.com zone is signed. The dsset-etudiant.ecole.com. File is included in the original ecole.com zone. Re-sign the zone by executing the dnssec-signzone command exactly as before

The only thing that has changed is the additional Ds reecords in the new zone file, so that the sub domain zone gets its authentification through the delegation point in ecole.com in the parent zone

You may understand more the use of the Ds record in my next article which will be about DLV System and how to create a trusted anchor within a chain of trust

I hope it was useful and I want to thankyou for your time.

As discussed in the Forum ( in a post about Remote Access), there’s some actions we can take (I can not list all of them) and that help speeding up Windows.

Physical Disk Speed

When choosing a hard disk for your computer or laptop, think in a long term fashion: you may keep some money in your pocket but you will have to get them out sooner than you think when your slow cheap new disk start struggling under whatever software you use. So spend more money and get a good disk for once.

Disk And File Fragmentation

Every time you delete or move a huge number of files or big files (an old movie or game) think about Defragmentation. Windows Built-in Disk Defragmentation Tool is not there by chance, it is enough to use with normal files; I say normal files because the tool cannot defrag paging file for example or some system files. The tool is available under  :

All Programs/Accessories/System tools

and is called Disk Defragmenter.

A nice method exists to Defragment disks in Command Line mode, using a batch file for example. The command defrag is here to help scripting all drives defragmentation while sleeping or taking a coffee. The help section of this command is clear and command usage is straightforward as discribed bellow :

C:\>defrag /?
Usage:
defrag <volume> [-a] [-f] [-v] [-?]
volume  drive letter or mount point (d: or d:\vol\mountpoint)
-a      Analyze only
-f      Force defragmentation even if free space is low
-v      Verbose output
-?      Display this help text

all you have to do is to replace <volume> by drive name (eg. C:, D:…).

For System and special files, there is many tools available to buy on the net.

Paging File aka Pagefile.sys

Paging file (or swap file) helps the Operating System to run more programs than what would only physical RAM do. It is a partition of the Disk (generally for Unix Like systems), or a file constructed in a particular way (possible for both Windows and Linux). All known Operating System need a paging space; an exception are the “Live” Systems, that run in available RAM and may not need to swap.

For Windows, the size of the Pagefile.sys file is automatically set and the default location is the system drive. Here, at Windows Setup time or after, it is recommended to create a dedicated drive to host the paging file, so that the heavy I/O load does not affect neither Windows itself nor any running application. For the size of the Pagefile.sys, it is linked to physical memory size and in general 1,5 to 2 times bigger. An easy way to decide is by checking the recommended size calculated by Windows as described in the following animation :

You may have noticed that you can have more than one paging file.

You’ll have to reboot after changing paging file size or location.

Software’s Setup Folder

You should never install softwares using Disk I/O heavily on the same drive as Windows. For example, if you need to install an SGBD (Oracle, SQL server,MySql…etc), do not install it in system drive, performances will be impacted on both Windows and Software sides.

Same thing if we talk about any software which uses disk to cache temporary files to speedup its utilization. As example, Photoshop uses caching to make things go fast, and fortunately, it offers the posibility to define cache folder location.

Windows System Memory Locks

A great TIP by user Aicha in the same post in the forum talked about sizing Windows System Cache depending on physical memory size. I didn’t give it a try, but comments are open to you for feedbacks.

The configuration involves registry modification so please make sure you set configuration correctly, I’ll recommend making a backup before going any further.

So, here is the receip :

open Registry Editor by using “regedit” command

Browse to key : HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ SYSTEM\ CurrentControlSet\ Control\ Session Manager\Memory Management

Edit (or create) the DWORD Value IoPageLockLimit

Enter the Decimal value 983040

If you have 2Gb of physical memory you may double this size. In fact, there’s rules to decide what to put as value : please refer to the following Microsoft Technet article for more details.

You may need to reboot.

Hope you found this interesting and I’d like to thank you for your time.

The file to update is :

%USERPROFILE%\Application Data\VMware\config.ini

for windows versions of VMware workstation, and :

~/.vmware/config

for Linux one.

The parameter you have to add is :

mks.noBeep = “TRUE”

Please note:

• The configuration file is “profile” dependent; so if you update it for your profile, other ones in the same computer won’t have it configured.
• You have to stop/close all Vmware Workstation running instances.
• You may need to restart the “VMware Autorization Service“
• You may not find the config or config.ini files, so just edit a new file.
• Under Linux, a file or folder for which the name starts with a Dot is hidden, to be able to see it you have to issue an “ls -a” to display it.

Hope this was helpful.

We saw in a previous article how to save and restore a Windows 2003 system by using ASR. This is a particular method available in Windows 2003 but not in Windows 2000 and older versions.

Based on a live linux 22Mb image, PING offers all needed commands to map a Windows share, mount an NFS partition, and maybe make an FTP image. The included automated dhcp client makes it easy for people not used to linux systems to use PING without any problem.

In the officiel Website we can read more details about its advantages; those I find interesting :

• Backup and Restore the BIOS data as well;
• Either burn a bootable CD / DVD, either integrate within a PXE / RIS environment;
• Possibility to Blank local admin’s password;
• Create your own restoration bootable DVD

and if we compare PING to DOS or Ghost tools :

• Most network cards automatically recognized by the Kernel;
• Most CD/DVD readers automatically recognized by the Kernel;
• You don’t have to run a Ghostcast server to receive images over the network;
• More supported filesystems;
• You can store an image on several CD/DVD (CD/DVD-spanning);
• You can backup and restore BIOS settings too;
• Much much smaller than WinPE / BartPE;

Basic linux commands are also available to run in the text mode. In fact, PING starts a text based assistant to guide the user step by step. It is always possible, if the assistant exits, to start it by using

/etc/init.d/rc.ping

script.

In the example I expose in this video, I start by making an image of a Windows 2003 server to a network share. Then I destroy the existant disk and create a new blank one. Then I restore the saved image to the new disk. Note that source and destination disks may be of different sizes, but necessary the source larger than the destination.

An evident remark is that the tool may be used for any kind of operating system, as it does not look at files level but in blocs one.

Enjoy seeing this video, and I hope it will help!

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PING is available to download in the offcial Web Site.

The Service Console is a modified version of Red Hat Linux which is used to boot and load the VMkernel for VMware ESX Server and provide services such as the Apache web server for the MUI and command-line management. It has several commands that are unique to ESX Server such as vmware-cmd, vmkfstools, vmkpcidivy, esxtop, and some custom scripts.

To attach to the Service Console remotely from a Windows workstation, you can use the PuTTY SSH client, freely available from its official website.

Practical Examples

• If you need to view current partitions, sizes, and the amount of disk space consumed, type :

vdf –h

the output should be similar to the one showed bellow

View consumed disk space on esx host

• If you want to view the contents of a VMFS volume on your server, type :

vmkfstools –l vmfs_label

• To check disk space consumption under a specific directory, type :

du –sk directory-name

• To find out which device file maps to a LUN,

1. type : vmkpcidivy –refreshnames (This refreshes the table of device files.)
2. type : vmkpcidivy –q vmhba_devs

• To export a virtual disk from vmfs to a different location on your ESX Server, type :

vmkfstools –e /targetdirectory/filename.vmdk /vmfs/volume_label/sourcefile.vmdk

• To display all registered VMs, type :

vmware-cmd –l

List Registred virtual machine on esx host

• To power on VMs from the Service Console, type :

vmware-cmd vmx-configfile start soft

• To power off VMs from the Service Console, type :

vmware-cmd vmx-configfile stop soft

or

vmware-cmd vmx-configfile stop hard

I’m trying here to list some available commands and their options, but it is not intended to replace the officiel documentation neither a better reference.

Using esxcfg

In addition to the standard Linux commands, VMware has implemented a specific set of commands directed toward ESX-specific tasks. The following list of commands show how to manage various components of the ESX Server configuration.

esxcfg-auth Used to configure an ESX Server host to support network-based authentication methods (e.g., Active Directory [AD]).

• - -enablead to configure Service Console for AD authentication
• - -addomain to set the domain the Service Console will authenticate against
• - -addc to set the domain controller to authenticate against for AD authentication
• - -usecrack to enable the pam_cracklib for managing password complexity

esxcfg-firewall Used to query, enable, and disable services on the Service Console firewall. Note that everything is blocked by default.

• -q to query the current firewall settings
• -q servicename to query the status of a specific service
• -q incoming/outgoing to query the status of incoming and outgoing ports
• - -blockIncoming to block all incoming connections on ports not required for system function
• - -blockOutgoing to block all outgoing connections on ports not required for system function
• - -allowIncoming to allow incoming connections on all ports
• - -allowOutgoing to allow outgoing connections on all ports
• - -e servicename to enable a specific service
• - -d servicename to disable a specific service

esxcfg-info Used to review the hardware information for Service Console and VMKernel.

• -w to print hardware information
• -s to print storage and disk information
• -n to print network information

esxcfg-mpath Used to view and configure the multipathing settings for an ESX Server host’s fibre channel or iSCSI storage devices. Multipathing is the ability to connect to SAN or iSCSI storage devices through multiple pahs, and it suppose that the host has at least (and it is enough) 2 HBA cards.

• -p to set the policy for mru (most recently used), fixed, or rr (round-robin)
• -P to define a path to operate on
• -s with “on” or “off” to enable or disale a specific path
• -f to set a specified path as the preferred

esxcfg-nas Used to configure NAS storage on ESX Server. NAS is supported by ESX but limits its features like vMotion which is not allowed in this case (but still it is a low cost solution)

• -l to list all NAS
• -a to add a new NAS datastore on a specified host
• -o to provide the name of the NAS host
• -s to provide the name of the NAS share
• -delete to delete a NAS datastore

esxcfg-nics Used to obtain information about and configure the physical network adapters installed in an ESX Server host.

• -s to set the speed of a card to 10,100,1000, or 10,000.
• -d to set the duplex to half or full

esxcfg-route Used to configure the default gateway for the VMkernel.

esxcfg-swiscsi Used to configure the software iSCSI component of ESX Server.

• -e to enable software iSCSI
• -d to disable software iSCSI
• -q to query if software iSCSI is enabled
• -s to scan for new LUNs using software iSCSI

esxcfg-vmhbadevs Used to obtain information about the LUNs available to the ESX Server.

• -m to print the VMFS UUID if formatted as VMFS esxcfg-vmknic Used to configure the VMkernel NIC.
• -a to add a VMkernel port group
• -d to delete a VMKernel
• -e to enable the VMkernel NIC
• -D to disable the VMkernel port
• -i to set the IP address of the VMkernel NIC
• -n to set the network mask for the IP of the call

esxcfg-vswif Used to set the parameters of the Service Console; the Service Console interface allow management of the ESX.

• -a to add a Service Console NIC (this option is predicated on having IP information and port group names)
• -d to delete a the Service Console NIC
• -e to enable the Service Console NIC
• -D to disable the Service Console NIC
• -p to set the port group name for the Service Console NIC
• -i to set the IP address to be used for the Service Console NIC
• -n to set the network mask of for the Service Console NIC

esxcfg-vswitch Used to add, remove, or modify a virtual switch. All network communications of virtual machines go through virtual switches.

• -a to add a new virtual switch
• -d to delete a new virtual switch
• -l to list all existing virtual switches
• -L to unlink a network adapter from a hosting provider
• -U to link a network adapter
• -v to set the vLAN ID for a port group
• -A to add a new port group
• -D to delete a port group
• -C to query for the existence of a port group name

Using vicfg

The latest updates to the VI3 product suite, ESX Server 3.5, ESXi, and VirtualCenter 2.5 have also brought about the introduction of a new set of command line tools in the vicfg. The commands are similar to the esxcfg commands but are more directly dedicated to remote host management functions using the new remote command line interface tool available from VMware.

Just to remid you, ESX 3.5i comes without the “management virtual machine” that everybody takes for the OS of the ESX! In fact, the ESX 3.5i is a 32Mb OS, in other words, the least set of commands to manage VMs.

vicfgvicfg-nas Used to manipulate NAS/NFS.

• - -add or -a to add a new NAS file syste
• - -delete or -d to delete a NAS file system
• - -help to display help text
• - -nasserver or -o followed by <n_host> to add the hostname of the new NAS file system
• - -share or -s used with -a to provide the name of the directory that is exported on the NAS device
• - -vihost or -h followed by <host> to direct the command to a particular ESX Server host

vicfg-vmhbadevs Used to discover information about available LUNs.

• - -help to display help text
• - -query or -q to print the output in 2.6 compatibility mode
• - -vihost or -h followed by <host> to direct the command to a particular ESX Server host
• - -vmfs or -m to print the VMFS UUID in addition to the HBA and /dev names for LUNs that are formatted as VMFS

vicfg-mpath Used to manipulate multipathing.

• - -help to display help text
• - -bulk or -b to show all LUNs and paths in parsable format
• - -detailed or -d to show all information about a LUN, including its globally unique name
• - -hbas or -a to print the list of HBAs that can be identified by a unique ID
• - -list or —l to list all LUNs on the system and the paths to each LUN
• - -lun or -L followed by <lun> to specify the LUN to use in the operations command (this option is not used by itself)
• - -path or -P followed by <path> to specify the path to use in the operations command (this option is not used by itself)
• - -policy or -p followed by [mru | fixed] to set the policy for a given LUN (the option for round-robin (rr) can be used but is still experimental)
• - -preferred or -f to set the specified path (—path) as the preferred path
• - -query or -q to query a LUN for information
• - -state or -s followed by on or off to enable or disable a given path
• - -vihost or -h followed by <host> to direct the command to a particular ESX Server host

vicfg-rescan Used to perform a rescan for discovering new LUNs.

• - -help to display help text
• - -vihost or -h followed by <host> to direct the command to a particular ESX Server host
  <VMkernel_SCSI_adapter_name> to provide the name of the adapter to rescan (i.e., vmhba1)

vicfg-dumppart Used to query, set, and scan diagnostic partitions on ESXi.

• - -activate or -a to activate the configured diagnostic partition (performs the same as —set)
• - -deactivate or -d to deactivate the currently active diagnostic partition
• - -find or -f to find all diagnostic partitions
• - -get-active or -t to get the active diagnostic partition for the system
• - -get-config or -c to get the configured diagnostic partition for the system
• - -list or -l to list all partitions on the system that can act as a diagnostic partition
• - -set or -s followed by <vmhbaw:x:y:z> to set the active and configured diagnostic partition
• - -vihost or -h followed by <host> to direct the command to a particular ESX Server host

vicfg-nics Used to report on and manage physical network adapters.

• - -help to display help text
• - -auto or -a to set the given adapter to autonegotiate the speed and duplex settings
• - -duplex or -d followed by [full | half] <nic> to set the duplex value for a given NIC
• - -speed or -s followed by <speed><nic> to set the speed value for a given NIC
• - -list or -l to list the physical adapters in the system
• - -vihost or -h followed by <host> to direct the command to a particular ESX Server host

vicfg-vmknic Used to configure virtual network adapters.

• - -help to display help text
• - -add or -a to add a virtual network adapter to the system (an IP address and port group name must be specified)
• - -del or -d followed by <port_group> to delete the virtual network adapter on the specified port group
• - -ip or -i followed by [<IP address>| DHCP] to set the virtual network adapter to a given IP address or to obtain an address from a DHCP server
• - -list or -l to list virtual network adapters on the system
• - -netmask or -n followed by <netmask> to set the network mask for the assigned IP address
• - -vihost or -h followed by <host> to direct the command to a particular ESX Server host

vicfg-vswitch Used to configure virtual switches.

• - -help to display help text
• - -add or -a followed by <vswitch_name> to add a new virtual switch
• - -add-pg or -A followed by <portgroup> <switch> to add a port group to the specified switch
• - -check or -c followed by <virtual_switch> to check for the existence of a virtual switch
• - -check-pg or -C followed by <port_group> to check for the existence of a port group
• - -delete or -d followed by <vswitch_name> to delete the specified virtual switch (this command will not work if any of the virtual switch ports are in use)
• - -del-pg or -D followed by <portgroup> to delete the specified port group (this command will not work if the port group is in use)
• - -link or -L followed by <pnic> to add a physical adapter to a virtual switch
• - -list or -l to list all virtual switches and port groups
• - -mtu or -m to set the maximum transmission unit (MTU) of the virtual switch
• - -pg or -p followed by <port_group> to provide the name of a port group when using the —vlan option (use the ALL parameter to set VLAN IDs on all port groups of a virtual switch)
• - -vlan or -v to set the VLAN ID for a specific port group (using the parameter 0 disables all VLAN IDs; using —vlan requires the —pg option)
• - -vihost or -h followed by <host> to direct the command to a particular ESX Server host

vicfg-route Used to configure the default route for VMkernel ports.

• - -help to display help text
• - -vihost or -h followed by <host> to direct the command to a particular ESX Server host <gateway> to specify the default gateway to be used by the VMkernel

vicfg-ntp Used to configure NTP settings.

• - -help to display help text
• - -add or -a followed by <server> to add an NTP server
• - -delete or -d followed by <server> to delete an NTP server
• - -list or -l to list the configured NTP servers
• - -vihost or -h followed by <host> to direct the command to a particular ESX Server host

Hope this helps!

La solution est plutôt simple à mettre en place mais il faut la connaitre! Il s’agit d’ajouter un paramètre de timeout ou de délai entre caractères saisis. Il faut définir ce paramètre pour toutes les machines virtuelles (Windows, Linux, ou autre) qui posent ce problème.

Il s’agit du paramètre:

typematicMinDelay

Il faut ouvrir le fichier de configuration de votre machine virtuelle (le fichier .vmx dans le dossier de la VM), et ajouter, à la dernière ligne, l’entrée suivante:

keyboard.typematicMinDelay = 2000000

Le chiffre 2000000 determine la durée entre deux saisies successives, on la force à 2 secondes dans notre cas (vu que l’unité par défaut est la µSec).

Voilà! il faut démarrer/redémarrer votre machine pour que la modification soit prise en compte.

Hope this helps!

Les keymaps

Les keymaps sont les cartes qui permettent le mappage d’un carractère à une touche ou une combinaison de touches du clavier. Il en va que si on utilise une carte anglaise chez les français on ne trouvera pas facilement notre chemin n’est ce pas?! Sous linux, les keymaps sont des fichiers “.maps.gz“, donc pensez à chercher ces fichiers si vous travaillez sur une distribution qui n’utilise pas les mêmes chemins pour ses fichiers système. Pour la famille Redhat (et donc Fedora) les fichiers, nottament pour le clavier azerty sont stockés dans le chemin:

/lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/azerty

Le fichier maps utilisé par le système est défini par la clé : KEYTABLE du fichier :

/etc/sysconfig/keyboard

Comment changer les keymaps sous Linux Redhat

Maintenant que nous avons bien saisi comment ça marche, ci-dessous la procédure de changement du clavier étape par étape:

1. Lister le contenu du dossier  /lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/azerty pour localiser le fichier maps à utiliser.
2. Repérer les fichier maps qui commencent par : fr*, nous nous intéresserons au fichier fr-latin1.maps.gz
3. Éditer le fichier /etc/sysconfig/keyboard
4. Changer la valeur de la clé KEYTABLE de us par exemple à fr-latin1, sauvegarder.
5. En l’abscence d’un fichier script pour le clavier sous /etc/init.d/, il faudra redémarrer votre linux pour que le changement soit pris en compte.

La vidéo!

Pour résumer ce qu’on a vu, la vidéo ci-dessous reprend toute l’opération.

J’espère que cet article vous a été utile. Bonne lecture sur ntsysv.com!

Copyright Ntsysv.com ]]> http://www.ntsysv.com/index.php/tutoriel-video-changer-le-clavier-qwerty-en-azerty-sous-linux/feed 1 http://www.ntsysv.com/index.php/tutoriel-video-utilisez-vos-programmes-linux-sous-windows-avec-cygwin http://www.ntsysv.com/index.php/tutoriel-video-utilisez-vos-programmes-linux-sous-windows-avec-cygwin#comments Sat, 01 Nov 2008 21:49:09 +0000 ElMehdi http://www.ntsysv.com/?p=160 Nous avons été séduits par les possibilités de programmations et d’automatisation qu’offrent les systèmes de la famille Linux à leurs utilisateurs. L’utilisation journalière des systèmes Windows (2000, XP ou autres) nous laisse face à certaines limites dans ce sens. Certes les possibilités de programmations sous Windows sont aussi importantes et évoluées mais certainement plus difficiles à appréhender. En effet, Windows permet l’utilisation de VB Script, JScript, WSH, …etc, mais il faut une certaine maitrise de ces outils avant de pouvoir en tirer grand bénéfice. Le traitement des fichiers logs par exemple est assez difficile et  les outils comme sed, awk, cut …etc.nous manquent.
Cygwin, l’une des solutions qui ont démontré leur utilité et efficacité. Microsoft offre SFU, Services For Unix , qui permet d’aller plus loin dans l’intégration des services et produits Unix sur les systèmes Windows serveur. Cygwin est libre d’utilisation, et est téléchargeable sur http://www.cygwin.com/ .
Nous allons voir dans ce qui suit comment installer cygwin, et comment utiliser son environnement pour l’écriture de scripts shell.

Installation de Cygwin

Cette vidéo montre les étapes à suivre pour installer cygwin. Enfait, sur le site il faut télécharger le fichier setup.exe qui gère le téléchargement des binaires nécessaires.

une fois l’installation terminée, l’arborescence comparable à tous les systèmes Linux est créée sous le dossier de l’installation (par défaut c:\cygwin) et qui est assimilé à la racine linux comme illustré dans la figure ci-dessous.

Arborescence Cygwin

Lancer cygwin à partir de l’icône du le bureau revient à lancer le fichier batch Cygwin.bat. Nous allons maintenant écrire un script témoins comme le veut la tradition : hello world!

Écriture de script

Il y a une infinité de possibilités d’écriture de scripts. Cygwin intègre par défaut les outils standards comme sed et Awk. Perl et Python doivent être explicitement ajoutés à la liste des binaires à installer.

Le script est simple : Afficher la chaine de caractères : “Hello Cygwin World” avec le bout de code suivant:

#!/bin/bash

echo “Hello Cygwin World!”

exit 0

La vidéo résume l’opération en question.

Ainsi nous avons accès à toute la facilité du scripting Linux sous Windows.

Vous pouvez retrouver plus de détails sur l’installation de Cygwin, et son confrère CygwinX sur le site de lip6.

Dans le prochain article, je vais vous présenter l’installation de Honeyd sous Windows en me basant sur Cygwin.

Bonne lecture!

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